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Loyalty program

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Reward website" redirects here. For cashback programs for online shopping, see <a href="Cashback_website" title="Cashback website">Cashback website</a>. For incentive programs for employees and dealers, see <a href="Incentive_program" title="Incentive program">Incentive program</a>.</div>

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</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background: none;"><a href="Nudge_theory" title="Nudge theory">Nudge theory</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #efefef; padding:0.15em 0.25em 0.5em;;color: var(--color-base)">Social scientists</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="background-color: #ffffff; ----">

<ul><li><a href="Richard_Thaler" title="Richard Thaler">Richard Thaler</a></li>

<li><a href="Shlomo_Benartzi" title="Shlomo Benartzi">Shlomo Benartzi</a></li>

<li><a href="Cass_Sunstein" title="Cass Sunstein">Cass Sunstein</a></li>

<li><a href="Maya_Shankar" title="Maya Shankar">Maya Shankar</a></li></ul>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #efefef; padding:0.15em 0.25em 0.5em;;color: var(--color-base)">Government programs</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="background-color: #ffffff; ----">

<li><a href="Affordable_Care_Act_tax_provisions" title="Affordable Care Act tax provisions">Affordable Care Act tax provisions</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_Credit_System" title="Social Credit System">Social Credit System</a></li>

<li><a href="Vision_Zero" title="Vision Zero">Vision Zero</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #efefef; padding:0.15em 0.25em 0.5em;;color: var(--color-base)">Government agencies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="background-color: #ffffff; ----">

<ul><li><a href="Behavioural_Insights_Team" title="Behavioural Insights Team">Behavioural Insights Team</a> (UK)</li>

<li><a href="Social_and_Behavioral_Sciences_Team" title="Social and Behavioral Sciences Team">Social and Behavioral Sciences Team</a> (US)</li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #efefef; padding:0.15em 0.25em 0.5em;;color: var(--color-base)">Nudge theory in business</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="background-color: #ffffff; ----">

<ul>

<li><a href="Safety_culture" title="Safety culture">Safety culture</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #efefef; padding:0.15em 0.25em 0.5em;;color: var(--color-base)">Related concepts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="background-color: #ffffff; ----">

<ul><li><a href="Behavioral_economics" title="Behavioral economics">Behavioral economics</a></li>

<li><a href="Choice_architecture" title="Choice architecture">Choice architecture</a></li>

<li><a href="Default_effect" title="Default effect">Default effect</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_for_behaviour_change" class="mw-redirect" title="Design for behaviour change">Design for behaviour change</a></li>

<li><a href="Libertarian_paternalism" title="Libertarian paternalism">Libertarian paternalism</a></li>

<li><a href="Paternalism" title="Paternalism">Paternalism</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_engineering_(political_science)" title="Social engineering (political science)">Social engineering</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_proof" title="Social proof">Social proof</a></li>

<li><a href="IT-backed_authoritarianism" class="mw-redirect" title="IT-backed authoritarianism">IT-backed authoritarianism</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

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A loyalty program or rewards program is a <a href="Marketing_strategy" title="Marketing strategy">marketing strategy</a> designed to encourage <a href="Customer" title="Customer">customers</a> to continue to shop at or use the services of one or more <a href="Business" title="Business">businesses</a> associated with the program.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Single-company_vs._coalition_programs">Single-company vs. coalition programs</h2></div>

Loyalty programs may be either:

<ul><li>Single-brand programs, which may be for all stores owned by a company, such as <a href="Target_Corporation" title="Target Corporation">Target</a>, or branded stores which may be corporate-owned and franchised to independent business owners, such as <a href="McDonald's" title="McDonald's">McDonalds</a>.</li>

<li>Single-corporation programs, such as the joint <a href="Gap_Inc." title="Gap Inc.">Gap Inc.</a> program, work at the stores and digital channels of Gap, <a href="Banana_Republic" title="Banana Republic">Banana Republic</a>, <a href="Old_Navy" title="Old Navy">Old Navy</a>, and <a href="Athleta_(company)" title="Athleta (company)">Athleta</a>, which are all owned by Gap Inc.</li>

<li>Coalition loyalty programs, provide benefits to customers of multiple otherwise-unrelated businesses.<a href="#cite_note-coalition-2">[2]</a> Examples include <a href="Rakuten_Rewards" title="Rakuten Rewards">Rakuten Rewards</a> which, in the U.S. offers cashback at more than 3,500 stores<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> and <a href="Air_Miles" title="Air Miles">Air Miles</a> which awards points for purchases from multiple merchants in each market it serves (Canada, The Netherlands, Bahrain, Qatar, and the UAE).<a href="#cite_note-amme-4">[4]</a>

<ul><li>Shopping center programs may also be based on a single or chain of shopping centers, such as the <a href="Tanger_Outlets" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanger Outlets">Tanger Outlets</a> loyalty programs that can be used at merchants located at its outlet malls.</li>

<li>Downtown <a href="Olympia%2C_Washington" title="Olympia, Washington">Olympia, Washington</a>, launched a coalition loyalty program in 2021 for merchants in its downtown shopping district.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></li></ul></li></ul>

In 2020 <a href="McKinsey" class="mw-redirect" title="McKinsey">McKinsey</a> spoke of loyalty program "ecosystems".<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Features">Features</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="How_customers_provide_their_account_numbers">How customers provide their account numbers</h3></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Physical_loyalty_cards">Physical loyalty cards</h4></div>

A loyalty program typically involves the operator of a particular program setting up an account for a customer of a business associated with the scheme, and then issue to the customer a loyalty card (variously called <a href="Cashback_reward_program" class="mw-redirect" title="Cashback reward program">rewards card</a>, <a href="Cashback_reward_program" class="mw-redirect" title="Cashback reward program">points card</a>, advantage card, club card, or some other name) which may be a <a href="Plastic_card" title="Plastic card">plastic</a> or paper card, visually similar to a <a href="Credit_card" title="Credit card">credit card</a>, that identifies the cardholder as a participant in the program. Cards may have a <a href="Barcode" title="Barcode">barcode</a> or <a href="Magstripe" class="mw-redirect" title="Magstripe">magstripe</a> to more easily allow for scanning, although some are <a href="Chip_card" class="mw-redirect" title="Chip card">chip cards</a> or <a href="Proximity_card" title="Proximity card">proximity cards</a>.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> U.S. supermarkets often issue two copies of the card: one credit-card sized and one that fits on a keychain, in addition to providing access to the card via a mobile app, website.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Digital_loyalty_cards">Digital loyalty cards</h4></div>

As of 2024, most programs in the United States offer a digital version of the loyalty card, accessed via a mobile app, and often customers can scan a QR or bar code from the app at the physical point of sale. Some programs now offer digital cards only or only exceptionally, such as <a href="Marks_and_Spencer" class="mw-redirect" title="Marks and Spencer">Marks and Spencer</a>'s "Sparks" program in the <a href="United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">UK</a> launched in 2020 which no longer issues physical cards except upon special request.<a href="#cite_note-msuk-8">[8]</a> American Airlines no longer sends membership kits to new members of its frequent flyer program.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a>

Encouraging or forcing customers to use a mobile app to present their loyalty account number, although criticized for being unfriendly to people without smartphones including many elderly people,<a href="#cite_note-msuk-8">[8]</a> benefits the merchant in a number of ways. It lets them present special offers to the customer (or even push them via <a href="Push_notifications" class="mw-redirect" title="Push notifications">push notifications</a>), tailor customer experience to the individual consumer, and understand customer behavior better, including their purchasing amounts and patterns.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Phone_number_and_other_methods">Phone number and other methods</h4></div>

At a physical point of sale, presenting a physical or digital card is not necessary at many U.S. merchants, if the customer enters the phone number associated with the account on a terminal or tells it to a cashier who enters it into the register. When purchasing online, customers usually must log in to the account on the merchant's website. However, when purchasing airline tickets from online travel agencies, customers can usually enter their airline loyalty number into the agency website and the agency will pass it onto the airline.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Points">Points</h3></div>

Programs that feature points grant customers a certain number of points for each purchase, in the US often per $1 or $10 increment of spend. Once they have enough points, clients can redeem them for either:

<ul><li>merchandise or services free of charge</li>

<li>discounts on merchandise or services</li>

<li>gift cards, credit vouchers, etc. to spend with the merchant</li>

<li>"cashback", either:

<ul><li>money that the program transfers to the customer's account or</li>

<li>a paper check that the program mails to the customer</li></ul></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tiers">Tiers</h3></div>

Programs with tiers define levels (such as silver, gold, and platinum levels) that customers are upgraded to when they spend enough with the merchant(s), usually over a certain period of time such as a year. For example, Sephora gives 1 point for $1 spent. Once customers earn a specific number of points, they can enter a new level with higher discounts and exclusive products.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Membership_fees">Membership fees</h3></div>

In subscription-based programs, customers pay a fee to enjoy the program's benefits, for example <a href="Barnes_and_Noble" class="mw-redirect" title="Barnes and Noble">Barnes and Noble</a> bookstores charge members about 40 <a href="U.S._dollars" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. dollars">U.S. dollars</a> per year (as of mid-2024) for its "Premium Membership and Rewards" program, which gives members a 10% discount off most merchandise. There is also a free tier which does not offer such discounts but does allow members to collect virtual "stamps" (i.e. loyalty points).<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types_of_rewards">Types of rewards</h2></div>

Depending on the program, rewards may take the form of:

<ul><li>merchandise or services free of charge</li>

<li>discounts on merchandise or services</li>

<li>gift cards, credit vouchers, etc. to spend with the merchant</li>

<li>cashback</li></ul>

In addition to rewards, loyalty cards may also be used to identify consumers for benefits and other services, e.g.:

<ul><li>when pharmacies dispense <a href="Medical_prescription" title="Medical prescription">prescriptions</a></li>

<li>for access to an <a href="Airport_lounge" title="Airport lounge">airport lounge</a> (using a <a href="Frequent-flyer_program" title="Frequent-flyer program">frequent-flyer</a> card)</li>

<li>when customers presented checks for payment at a point-of sale</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cashback">Cashback</h3></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Cashback_website" title="Cashback website">Cashback website</a></div>

Programs with cashback features give customers a portion of the money that they have spent with a business (usually a defined percent which may be higher than usual during promotions). The "cash back" is rarely actually cash money, but rather takes the form of a transfer of the "cashback" amount to the customer's bank account.

Examples in the U.S. include <a href="Rakuten_Rewards" title="Rakuten Rewards">Rakuten Rewards</a>, a coalition reward program, and many banks that give their clients cash back for using their debit cards to pay for various products and services.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Channels">Channels</h2></div>

Depending on the program, ways that consumers may access their loyalty account (account number, promotions, other information) may include:

<ul><li>Desktop, mobile, and/or responsive versions of the website(s) for the program and/or of participating merchant(s)</li>

<li>Mobile apps for the program or participating merchant(s)</li>

<li>At dedicated kiosks, such as in casinos<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></li>

<li>Traditional methods such as:

<ul><li>Physical membership cards</li>

<li>Paper-based mailings of account statements, promotions, and other information</li></ul></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mobile_apps_and_websites">Mobile apps and websites</h3></div>

There has been a move away from traditional magnetic card, stamp, or punchcard based schemes to online and mobile online loyalty programs. While these schemes vary, the common element is a push toward eradication of a traditional card, in favour of an electronic equivalent. The choice of medium is often a <a href="QR_code" title="QR code">QR code</a>. Some prominent examples are Austrian based mobile-pocket established in 2009, the US-based Punchd (discontinued from June 2013,<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a>), which became part of <a href="Google" title="Google">Google</a> in 2011.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> and an Australian-based loyalty card application called Stamp Me<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> which incorporates <a href="IBeacon" title="IBeacon">iBeacon</a> technology. Others, like Loopy Loyalty (HK), Loyalli (UK), <a href="Perka" title="Perka">Perka</a> (US), and Whisqr Loyalty (CA), have offered similar programs.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> <a href="Passbook_(application)" class="mw-redirect" title="Passbook (application)">Passbook by Apple</a> is the first attempt to standardize the format of mobile loyalty cards.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Offline_with_mobile_device">Offline with mobile device</h3></div>

With the introduction of <a href="Host_card_emulation" title="Host card emulation">host card emulation</a> (HCE) and <a href="Near_field_communication" class="mw-redirect" title="Near field communication">near field communication</a> (NFC) technology for mobile applications, traditional contactless smart cards for prepaid and loyalty programs are emulated in a smartphone. <a href="Google_Wallet" title="Google Wallet">Google Wallet</a> adopted these technologies for mobile off-line payment applications.

The major advantage of off-line over the online system is that the user's smartphone does not have to be online, and the transaction is fast. In addition, multiple emulated cards can be stored in a smartphone to support multi-merchant loyalty programs. Consequently, the user does not need to carry many physical cards anymore.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Industries">Industries</h2></div>

Today, such loyalty programs cover most types of commerce, each having varying features and rewards schemes, and range from programs of a single-location business to large chains or membership in a coalition loyalty program. Industries include:<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a>

<ul><li>Retail: Supermarkets, department stores, clothing stores, beauty stores and other specialty shops</li>

<li>Travel and Hospitality: Airlines, passenger railways, hotels, car rental and carshare companies</li>

<li>Food and Beverage: Restaurants, coffee shops, fast-food chains</li>

<li>Financial Services: Banks, credit card companies</li>

<li>Telecommunications: Mobile service providers, internet service providers</li>

<li>Entertainment: Cinemas, streaming services, theme parks, casinos</li>

<li>E-commerce sites/apps and online marketplaces</li>

<li>Fitness and Wellness: Gyms, fitness studios, spas etc.</li>

<li>Automotive: Car dealerships and service centers</li></ul>

The market approach has shifted from product-centric to a customer-centric one due to a highly competitive market and a wide array of services offered to customers, therefore, it's important that marketing strategies prioritize growing a sustainable business and increasing customer satisfaction.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Casinos">Casinos</h3></div>

Almost all major U.S. casino chains also have loyalty cards, which offer members tier credits, reward credits, <a href="Comps_(casino)" title="Comps (casino)">comps</a>, and other perks based on card members' "<a href="Comps_(casino)#Calculation" title="Comps (casino)">theo</a>" from gambling, various demographic data, and spend patterns on various purchases at the casino, within the casino network, and with the casino's partners.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> Examples of such programs include <a href="Caesars_Entertainment_(2020)" class="mw-redirect" title="Caesars Entertainment (2020)">Caesars</a> Rewards<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> (formerly called Total Rewards<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a>) and <a href="MGM_Resorts_International" title="MGM Resorts International">MGM Resorts International</a>'s Mlife.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coffee_shops">Coffee shops</h3></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id=""Disloyalty"_cards">"Disloyalty" cards</h4></div>

As of 2011, some independent coffee shops in Boston, Toronto and London has set up experimental "disloyalty card" programs, which rewarded customers for visiting a variety of coffee shops.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Benefits_to_merchants">Benefits to merchants</h2></div>

Loyalty programs' most important benefit to merchants is that they generate data, which bring more repeat business and therefore increase sales.

Application forms for cards usually entail agreements by the store concerning customer privacy, typically non-disclosure (by the store) of non-aggregate data about customers. The store uses aggregate data internally (and sometimes externally) as part of its <a href="Marketing_research" title="Marketing research">marketing research</a>. Over time the data can reveal, for example, a given customer's favorite brand of beer, or whether they are a vegetarian.

As of the mid-2020s, loyalty program trends include:<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a>

<ul><li>the integration of AI and data analytics into loyalty platforms in order to personalize customer experiences,</li>

<li>focusing on emotional connections, and</li>

<li>offering personalized rewards that resonate with individual consumer preferences</li>

<li>omnichannel experience to drive more interaction i.e. access across multiple physical and digital touchpoints such as in-store, via mail, e-mail, mobile apps, push notifications from the app or via SMS, websites, etc.</li></ul>

Loyalty programs are a means of implementing a type of what economists call a <a href="Two-part_tariff" title="Two-part tariff">two-part tariff</a>.

<ul><li>Japan: see <a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E9%80%9A%E3%83%9D%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88" class="extiw external" title="ja:共通ポイント">ja:共通ポイント</a> and <a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9D%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88%E3%83%97%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B0%E3%83%A9%E3%83%A0#日本における歴史" class="extiw external" title="ja:ポイントプログラム">ja:ポイントプログラム#日本における歴史</a>. In Japan, non credit card multi-brand points who awarded in addition to each store's own points are becoming more common. Most Japanese people say Big 4 of multi-brand points are V-POINT(<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%E3%83%9D%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88" class="extiw external" title="ja:Vポイント">ja</a>)(SMCC(affiliated <a href="Sumitomo_Mitsui_Banking_Corporation" title="Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation">SMBC Group</a>) and <a href="Culture_Convenience_Club" title="Culture Convenience Club">CCC</a>)(merged T-POINT(<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E3%83%9D%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88" class="extiw external" title="ja:Tポイント">ja</a>)(CCC) on 22th Aplil 2024), Ponta(<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponta" class="extiw external" title="ja:Ponta">ja</a>)(affiliated <a href="Mitsubishi_Corporation" title="Mitsubishi Corporation">Mitsubishi Corporation</a>), <a href="Rakuten" title="Rakuten">Rakuten</a> point(<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A5%BD%E5%A4%A9%E3%83%9D%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88" class="extiw external" title="ja:楽天ポイント">ja</a>), d Point Club(<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/d%E3%83%9D%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88%E3%82%AF%E3%83%A9%E3%83%96" class="extiw external" title="ja:dポイントクラブ">ja</a>)(<a href="NTT_Docomo" title="NTT Docomo">NTT Docomo</a>).<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> Other famous point bland are <a href="Waon" title="Waon">WAON</a>(<a href="Aeon_(company)" title="Aeon (company)">AEON</a> Group(<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%97" class="extiw external" title="ja:イオングループ">ja</a>), JRE POINT(<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/JRE_POINT" class="extiw external" title="ja:JRE POINT">ja</a>)(<a href="East_Japan_Railway_Company" title="East Japan Railway Company">JR East</a>), PayPay(<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/PayPay" class="extiw external" title="ja:PayPay">ja</a>) point(<a href="SoftBank_Group" title="SoftBank Group">SoftBank Group</a>'s <a href="QR_code_payment" title="QR code payment">QR code payment</a>), <a href="Nanaco" title="Nanaco">Nanaco</a>.</li>

<li>Hong Kong: <a href="Octopus_Cards_Limited" title="Octopus Cards Limited">Octopus Rewards</a>,<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> <a href="MTR_Corporation" title="MTR Corporation">MTR Corporation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> Different chain stores under common ownership often share the same loyalty program, such as <a href="A.S._Watson_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="A.S. Watson Group">A.S. Watson Group</a>'s MoneyBack, which can be used at <a href="Parknshop" class="mw-redirect" title="Parknshop">Parknshop</a>, <a href="Watsons" title="Watsons">Watsons</a>, and Fortress stores, as well as the corporation's retail partners.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> <a href="Hong_Kong_Telecom" title="Hong Kong Telecom">HKT</a>'s The club also offers a similar loyalty program.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> Flag airline carrier <a href="Cathay_Pacific" title="Cathay Pacific">Cathay Pacific</a> operates <a href="Asia_Miles" title="Asia Miles">Asia Miles</a>, a loyalty and frequent-flyer program.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a></li>

<li>India: PAYBACK India is <a href="India" title="India">India</a>'s largest coalition loyalty program.<a href="#cite_note-busstand-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-imint-36">[36]</a> German loyalty program operator Loyalty Partner took a controlling interest in i-mint in June 2010<a href="#cite_note-imint-36">[36]</a> and renamed the program PAYBACK India in July 2011.<a href="#cite_note-busstand-35">[35]</a> BPCL's PetroBonus fuel card program has 2 million members.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> <a href="Indian_Oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Oil">Indian Oil</a>'s fleet card program XTRAPOWER and retail program XTRAREWARDS claim a combined customer base of 3 million.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a></li>

<li>Iran: The first <a href="Iran" title="Iran">Iranian</a> loyalty program launched in 1996.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> East Credit Card Group Kish launched its loyalty program in 2005.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a></li>

<li>Malaysia: <a href="Genting_Highlands" title="Genting Highlands">Genting Highlands</a> Resort loyalty card, WorldCard,<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> is valid in three countries: Malaysia, Singapore and Hong Kong.</li>

<li>Philippines:<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> <a href="SM_Supermalls" title="SM Supermalls">SM Supermalls</a> and <a href="BDO_Unibank" class="mw-redirect" title="BDO Unibank">BDO Unibank</a> offer rewards cards which are accepted by <a href="The_SM_Store" class="mw-redirect" title="The SM Store">The SM Store</a>, <a href="SM_Supermarket" class="mw-redirect" title="SM Supermarket">SM Supermarket</a>, <a href="SM_Hypermarket" class="mw-redirect" title="SM Hypermarket">SM Hypermarket</a>, <a href="ACE_Hardware" class="mw-redirect" title="ACE Hardware">ACE Hardware</a> and Watsons Pharmacy.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> <a href="Robinsons_Malls" title="Robinsons Malls">Robinsons Malls</a> also offers a loyalty program through the Go Rewards app (formerly known as the Robinsons Rewards card).<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> Others are <a href="Jollibee" title="Jollibee">Jollibee</a>, (HappyPlus card),<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> Grab Rewards,<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> and <a href="Mercury_Drug" title="Mercury Drug">Mercury Drug</a>'s Suki Card.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a></li>

<li>Singapore: Loyalty programs in Singapore include GrabRewards<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> by <a href="Grab_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grab (company)">Grab</a>, SAFRA<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> and Plus!<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> from <a href="National_Trades_Union_Congress" title="National Trades Union Congress">NTUC</a>.</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europe">Europe</h3></div>

<ul><li>Austria: The two largest loyalty programs in <a href="Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> are Payback and mo. JÖ was fully launched in 2019.</li>

<li>Finland: The two major retail coalitions with loyalty programs are the <a href="S-Group" class="mw-redirect" title="S-Group">S-Group</a> with their S-Etukortti card<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a>) and <a href="Kesko" title="Kesko">Kesko</a> with K-Plussa (67%).</li>

<li>Georgia: <a href="Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a>'s biggest loyalty card program has been run by Universal Card Corporation since 2010 via <a href="Unicard" title="Unicard">UNICARD</a>.</li>

<li>Germany: The largest loyalty program is Payback, launched in 2000.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-Germ2007-55">[55]</a> HappyDigits and the Shell ClubSmart program are next in size.<a href="#cite_note-Germ2007-55">[55]</a> DeutschlandCard was launched by <a href="Arvato" title="Arvato">Arvato</a> in 2008. HappyDigits was disbanded by 2010.</li>

<li>Hungary: SuperShop and Multipoint are their main loyalty programs.</li>

<li>Italy: After the exit of Nectar from the market in 2015, Payback is the most popular loyalty program.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> Supermarkets Esselunga, Coop and Il Gigante also have loyalty programs.</li>

<li>Latvia: One of the largest loyalty programs in Latvia which is working as an operator for many merchants is Pins. Another is Walmoo</li>

<li>Norway: The largest Norwegian loyalty program is <a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trumf_(lojalitetskort)" class="extiw external" title="no:Trumf (lojalitetskort)">Trumf</a>. Trumf is a "brick and mortar" loyalty program owned by <a href="NorgesGruppen" title="NorgesGruppen">NorgesGruppen</a>, a grocery wholesaling group in Norway.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> KickBack.no is one of the largest online loyalty programs and cashback sites in Norway. KickBack.no is owned by <a href="Schibsted" title="Schibsted">Schibsted Media Group</a>.</li>

<li>Republic of Ireland: <a href="Superquinn" title="Superquinn">Superquinn</a> introduced its SuperClub loyalty card in 1993, the prototype for Europe. However, loyalty cards did not expand until 1997, when <a href="Tesco_Ireland" title="Tesco Ireland">Tesco Ireland</a> introduced its Clubcard scheme, shortly after its purchase of Power Supermarkets. <a href="SuperValu_(Ireland)" title="SuperValu (Ireland)">SuperValu</a> introduced their own loyalty club called Real Rewards. Others were:

<ul><li>During the late 1990s—<a href="Esso" title="Esso">Esso</a> petrol program were: Tiger Miles, <a href="Maxol" title="Maxol">Maxol</a>, <a href="Texaco" title="Texaco">Texaco</a> and <a href="Statoil" class="mw-redirect" title="Statoil">Statoil</a>. Increasing oil prices ended these in 2005.</li>

<li><a href="Game_(retailer)" title="Game (retailer)">Game</a>, a major computer game and hardware retailer, which merged with <a href="Electronics_Boutique" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronics Boutique">Electronics Boutique</a>'s programme.</li>

<li>Rewards From Us To You, a hotel loyalty program</li></ul></li>

<li>Russia: MALINA, "the largest multicorporate customer loyalty program in Russia,"<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> was launched in 2006 by Loyalty Partners Vostok.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> Another is Mnogo.ru.</li>

<li>Switzerland: Loyalty programs are popular in <a href="Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>, with the two main supermarket chains, <a href="Migros" title="Migros">Migros</a> and <a href="Coop_(Switzerland)" title="Coop (Switzerland)">Coop</a> prominent. The M-Cumulus card can be used at the Migros supermarkets, <a href="Ex_Libris_(bookshop)" title="Ex Libris (bookshop)">Ex Libris</a>, SportXX, and other retailers. The Coop Supercard earns points on purchases at Coop and a variety of other associated stores. Other stores such as Interio, a furniture retailer, are also joining the market with loyalty cards and store-based incentivized credit cards. The only coalition loyalty scheme in Switzerland is Bonus Card with a network of over 300 independent retail partners.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> In recent years, online loyalty programs have also started to target the Swiss. First to make an offering in Switzerland was German-based Webmiles. Claiming to be Switzerland's first online bonus program, Bonuspoints was launched in early 2008 and offers incentives for shopping at 70 different online stores.</li>

<li>Turkey: <a href="Pegasus_Airlines" title="Pegasus Airlines">Pegasus Airlines</a> has a loyalty program called Pegasus Plus which gives rewards for every flight. Passengers can spend reward points as a discount without waiting to cover a full flight. <a href="Turkish_Airlines" title="Turkish Airlines">Turkish Airlines</a> has a loyalty program called Miles&Smiles.</li>

<li>United Kingdom: Passcard (later renamed Passkey) was in the early 1980s.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> <a href="Sainsbury's" title="Sainsbury's">Sainsbury's</a> <a href="Homebase" title="Homebase">Homebase</a> Spend and Save Card was another early 1980s loyalty card.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> A later program, <a href="Tesco" title="Tesco">Tesco</a>'s ClubCard, was criticized for not offering value for money.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> <a href="The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a> suggested that the real benefit of loyalty cards to UK outlets is the massive <a href="Marketing_research" title="Marketing research">marketing research</a> database potential they offer.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> <a href="Morrisons" title="Morrisons">Morrisons</a> is another program.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> Many stores have kiosks that, with the cards, print vouchers that can be used at the till. <a href="Safeway_plc" class="mw-redirect" title="Safeway plc">Safeway's</a> ABC Card was discontinued in 2000.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> Maximiles<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> is an online coalition program.<a href="#cite_note-maxi-69">[69]</a> Formerly operated by <a href="British_Airways" title="British Airways">British Airways</a>, <a href="Air_Miles" title="Air Miles">Airmiles</a> was rebranded in 2011 from Airmiles to Avios, with changes that caused members to pay taxes and fees on flights they used for redemption.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> Co-operative Membership: the Co-op Group offers a 2% (previously 5%) refund to members on Co-op branded products with 2% also going to the cardholder's nominated charity. This is only available in Co-op Group stores. It replaced the dividend benefit previously used. Other Co-op chains continue with the dividend scheme, e.g. Midcounties Co-operative. Many of these accept other Co-operative loyalty cards but generally without the same benefits. For instance Midcounties Co-operative accept Co-operative Group cards but there is no charity donation or cardholder refund.</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Americas">The Americas</h3></div>

<ul><li>Brazil

<ul><li>Dotz is a coalition loyalty program in Brazil with over 50 million members<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a></li></ul></li>

<li>Canada

<ul><li><a href="Aeroplan" title="Aeroplan">Aeroplan</a>, a coalition program centered on <a href="Air_Canada" title="Air Canada">Air Canada</a> with Apple, Sephora, Uber also participating<a href="#cite_note-coalition-2">[2]</a></li>

<li><a href="Air_Miles" title="Air Miles">Air Miles</a> is Canada's largest loyalty program.</li>

<li><a href="Canadian_Tire" title="Canadian Tire">Canadian Tire</a>'s <a href="Canadian_Tire_money" title="Canadian Tire money">Canadian Tire money</a> is the oldest loyalty program in <a href="Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a></li></ul></li></ul>

<ul><li><ul><li>The food and beverage industry also has several companies with rewards programs such as <a href="Tim_Hortons" title="Tim Hortons">Tim Hortons</a>' Tim's Rewards<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a></li>

<li><a href="Scene%2B" title="Scene+">Scene+</a>, a coalition program with participants include Cineplex-owned cinemas, Scotiabank (for spending using its cards), Sobeys grocery stores, Home Hardware , Expedia, Recipe restaurants and <a href="Rakuten_Rewards" title="Rakuten Rewards">Rakuten Rewards</a>.<a href="#cite_note-coalition-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a></li></ul></li>

<li>United States: In the US, loyalty cards have a long history.<a href="#cite_note-Leveraging_Loyalty_Programs_Using_C-75">[75]</a> Some are only online.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> Some partner with classic credit cards.<a href="#cite_note-foursquare_and_amex-79">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-shopkick_and_visa-80">[80]</a> <a href="Frequent-flyer_program" title="Frequent-flyer program">Frequent-flyer programs</a> and, less commonly SeaMiles<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> co-exist with programs that donate a percentage of sales to a designated charity.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> Some American retailers either have not implemented these cards, or eliminated them, in favor of discounts for all shoppers.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> Few states regulate club cards. As an example, supermarkets in <a href="California" title="California">California</a> are subject to the Supermarket Club Card Disclosure Act of 1999.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a>

<ul><li>Coalition programs include <a href="Plenti" title="Plenti">Plenti</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a></li></ul></li>

<li>Mexico:

<ul><li><a href="Aerom%C3%A9xico_Rewards" title="Aeroméxico Rewards">Aeroméxico Rewards</a>, formerly Club Premier, a coalition program with participation of <a href="Aeromexico" class="mw-redirect" title="Aeromexico">Aeromexico</a> airlines and multiple otherwise unrelated retail chains</li>

<li>Monedero Naranja (lit. "Orange Wallet"), in which <a href="Comercial_Mexicana" title="Comercial Mexicana">Comercial Mexicana</a>'s various supermarket brands La Comer, Fresko and City Market, participate<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a></li></ul></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oceania">Oceania</h3></div>

Flybuys is the largest loyalty program in both <a href="Flybuys_(Australia)" title="Flybuys (Australia)">Australia</a><a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> and <a href="Flybuys_(New_Zealand)" title="Flybuys (New Zealand)">New Zealand</a>.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a>

<ul><li>Australia: Contenders include <a href="Woolworths_Group_(Australia)" title="Woolworths Group (Australia)">Woolworths</a>' <a href="Everyday_Rewards" title="Everyday Rewards">Everyday Rewards</a>,<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> <a href="Myer" title="Myer">Myer</a>'s <a href="MYER_one" class="mw-redirect" title="MYER one">MYER one</a> program, the <a href="Priceline_(Australia)" title="Priceline (Australia)">Priceline</a>'s Sister Club,<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> <a href="Amcal" title="Amcal">Amcal</a> Rewards, <a href="Miller's_Fashion_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="Miller's Fashion Club">Miller's Fashion Club</a>, and the <a href="BB_Retail_Capital" class="mw-redirect" title="BB Retail Capital">BB Retail Capital</a> Pulse Rewards program.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a></li>

<li>New Zealand: Other programs include the <a href="New_Zealand_Automobile_Association" title="New Zealand Automobile Association">New Zealand Automobile Association</a> AA Smartfuel programme and <a href="Countdown_(supermarket)" title="Countdown (supermarket)">Countdown</a> supermarket's Onecard. <a href="Kachingo" title="Kachingo">Kachingo</a> was a short-lived "card free" programme.</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="As_virtual_currency">As virtual currency</h2></div>

Loyalty programs have been described as a form of centralized <a href="Virtual_currency" title="Virtual currency">virtual currency</a>, one with unidirectional cash flow, since reward points can be exchanged into a <a href="Goods_and_services" title="Goods and services">good or service</a> but not into cash.<a href="#cite_note-ECB-94">[94]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism">Criticism</h2></div>

Evidence for the effectiveness of loyalty programs is controversial. Many companies are unsure whether and how to use customer loyalty programs profitably. Many programs (regardless of location, size, or industry) are run without the appropriate metrics or target parameters.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a>

Some companies complain that loyalty programs discount goods to people who are buying goods anyway.<a href="#cite_note-Leveraging_Loyalty_Programs_Using_C-75">[75]</a> Moreover, the expense of participating in these programs rarely generates a good return on investment. The Forte Consultancy Group regards loyalty programs as <a href="Bribery" title="Bribery">bribes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> In the case of infrequent spenders, loyalty fees provide a means of <a href="Subsidy" title="Subsidy">subsidizing</a> discounts.

A 2015 study found that most supermarket loyalty cards in the United States do not offer any real value to their customers.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> Furthermore, commercial use of customers' <a href="Personal_data" title="Personal data">personal data</a> – collected as part of loyalty programs – has the potential for abuse; it is highly likely that consumer purchases are tracked and used for <a href="Marketing_research" title="Marketing research">marketing research</a> to increase the efficiency of marketing and advertising, which is one of the purposes of offering the loyalty card.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-papers.ssrn.com-99">[99]</a> For some customers, participating in a loyalty program (even with a fake or anonymous card) funds activities that violate privacy.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> Consumers have also expressed concern about the integration of <a href="RFID" class="mw-redirect" title="RFID">RFID</a> technology into loyalty-card systems.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a>

One may view loyalty and credit-card reward-plans as modern-day examples of <a href="Kickback_(bribery)" title="Kickback (bribery)">kickbacks</a>.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a>

Employees who need to buy something (such as an airline flight or a hotel room) for a <a href="Business_trip" class="mw-redirect" title="Business trip">business trip</a>, but who have discretion to decide which airline or hotel chain to use, have an incentive to choose the payment method that provides the most <a href="Cashback_reward_program" class="mw-redirect" title="Cashback reward program">cash-back</a>,<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> <a href="Cashback_reward_program" class="mw-redirect" title="Cashback reward program">credit-card rewards</a> or loyalty points instead of minimizing costs for their employer.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a>

<ul><li><a href="Geomarketing" title="Geomarketing">Geomarketing</a></li>

<li><a href="Identity_management" class="mw-redirect" title="Identity management">Identity management</a></li>

<li><a href="Incentive" title="Incentive">Incentive</a></li>

<li><a href="Incentive_program" title="Incentive program">Incentive program</a></li>

<li><a href="Loyalty_marketing" title="Loyalty marketing">Loyalty marketing</a></li>

<li><a href="Premium_(marketing)" title="Premium (marketing)">Premium (marketing)</a>, e.g., "premiums"</li>

<li><a href="S%26H_Green_Stamps" title="S&H Green Stamps">S&H Green Stamps</a></li>

<li><a href="Trading_stamp" title="Trading stamp">Trading stamp</a></li>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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Compare:

<cite id="CITEREFGup1990" class="citation book cs1">Gup, Benton E. (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zJjaAAAAMAAJ">Bank Fraud: Exposing the Hidden Threat to Financial Institutions</a>. Rolling Meadows, Illinois: Bankers Publishing Company. p. 85. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9781555201678</bdi>. Retrieved 10 January 2021. <q>[...] kickback and credit card schemes that are relatively small by themselves, but collectively qualify as major frauds.</q></cite>

</li>

<cite id="CITEREFKowalik1991" class="citation book cs1">Kowalik, Frank (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IvUJAQAAMAAJ">IRS Humbug: IRS Weapons of Enslavement</a>. Oakland Park, Florida: Universalistic Publishers. p. 46. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780962655203</bdi>. Retrieved 10 January 2021. <q>Among other terms used for kickbacks are sales incentive, cash back, coupon sales, commissions, and discounts.</q></cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFShugan2005" class="citation journal cs1">Shugan, Steve (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1287%2Fmksc.1050.0124">"Brand Loyalty Programs: Are They Shams?"</a>. Marketing Science. 24 (2): 185–193. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1287%2Fmksc.1050.0124">10.1287/mksc.1050.0124</a>.</cite>

</li>

</ol></div>

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<ul><li><a href="Axe-monies" title="Axe-monies">Axe-money</a> (W. Mesoamerica & N. Andes)</li>

<li><a href="Cocoa_bean" title="Cocoa bean">Cocoa bean</a> (Mesoamerica)</li>

<li><a href="Manilla_(money)" title="Manilla (money)">Manilla</a> (W. Africa)</li>

<li><a href="Precious_metal" title="Precious metal">Precious metals</a></li>

<li><a href="Quachtli" title="Quachtli">Quachtli</a> (cotton cloth)</li>

<li><a href="Salt" title="Salt">Salt</a> (Roman world)</li>

<li><a href="Shekel" title="Shekel">Shekel</a> (barley)</li>

<li><a href="Shell_money" title="Shell money">Shells</a></li>

<li><a href="Trade_beads" title="Trade beads">Trade bead</a></li></ul>

</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Domestic animals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Water_buffalo" title="Water buffalo">Water buffalo</a> (SE Asia)</li>

<li><a href="Cattle" title="Cattle">Cow</a> (Hindu)</li>

<li><a href="Camel" title="Camel">Camel</a> (Arabia)</li>

<li><a href="Yak" title="Yak">Yak</a> (Tibet, China)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Representative_money" title="Representative money">Representative money</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bimetallism" title="Bimetallism">Bimetallism</a></li>

<li><a href="Gold_certificate_(United_States)" title="Gold certificate (United States)">Gold certificates</a></li>

<li><a href="Demurrage_currency" title="Demurrage currency">Demurrage currency</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>

</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Money" title="Money">Money</a> (<a href="Fiat_money" title="Fiat money">Fiat</a>/<a href="Token_money" title="Token money">Token</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bailment" title="Bailment">Bailment</a></li>

<li><a href="Banknote" title="Banknote">Banknote</a></li>

<li><a href="Central_bank_digital_currency" title="Central bank digital currency">Central bank digital currency</a></li>

<li><a href="Personal_property" title="Personal property">Chattel/movable property</a></li>

<li><a href="Cheque" title="Cheque">Cheque</a></li>

<li><a href="Clearing_(finance)" title="Clearing (finance)">Clearing</a>

<ul><li><a href="Cheque_clearing" title="Cheque clearing">Cheque clearing</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Clay_tablet" title="Clay tablet">Clay token</a></li>

<li><a href="Coin" title="Coin">Coinage</a></li>

<li><a href="Currency" title="Currency">Currency</a></li>

<li><a href="Deposit_(finance)" title="Deposit (finance)">Deposit</a>

<ul><li><a href="Deposit_account" title="Deposit account">Deposit account</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Legal_tender" title="Legal tender">Legal tender</a></li>

<li><a href="Notary" title="Notary">Notary</a></li>

<li><a href="Paper_money" title="Paper money">Paper money</a></li>

<li><a href="Possession_(law)" title="Possession (law)">Possession</a></li>

<li><a href="Promissory_note" title="Promissory note">Promissory note</a></li>

<li><a href="Redemption_value" title="Redemption value">Redemption</a></li>

<li><a href="Safe" title="Safe">Safekeeping</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_historical_currencies" title="List of historical currencies">List of historical currencies</a></li>

<li><a href="Barter" title="Barter">Barter</a>

<ul><li><a href="Coincidence_of_wants" title="Coincidence of wants">Coincidence of wants</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Bureau_de_change" title="Bureau de change">Bureau de change</a></li>

<li><a href="Central_bank" title="Central bank">Central bank</a></li>

<li><a href="Clearing_house_(finance)" title="Clearing house (finance)">Clearinghouse bank</a></li>

<li><a href="Savings_bank" title="Savings bank">Savings bank</a>

<ul><li><a href="Depository_institution" title="Depository institution">Depository institution</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Ancient_Mesopotamian_units_of_measurement" title="Ancient Mesopotamian units of measurement">Akkadian standards of measurement</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 2150 BC)</li>

<li><a href="Code_of_Hammurabi" title="Code of Hammurabi">Code of Hammurabi</a> (<a href="Banker_(ancient)" title="Banker (ancient)">§100; §122–125</a>; c. 1750 BC)</li>

<li><a href="Metallism" title="Metallism">Commodity theory of money (Metallism)</a></li>

<li><a href="Credit_theory_of_money" title="Credit theory of money">Credit theory of money</a>

<ul><li><a href="Chartalism" title="Chartalism">Chartalism</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Quantity_theory_of_money" title="Quantity theory of money">Quantity theory of money</a>

<ul><li><a href="Monetarism" title="Monetarism">Monetarism</a></li>

<li><a href="Market_monetarism" title="Market monetarism">Market monetarism</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Standard_of_deferred_payment" title="Standard of deferred payment">Standard of deferred payment</a></li>

<li><a href="Store_of_value" title="Store of value">Store of value</a></li>

<li><a href="Unit_of_account" title="Unit of account">Unit of account</a></li>

<li><a href="Digital_currency" title="Digital currency">Digital currency</a>

<ul><li><a href="Cryptocurrency" title="Cryptocurrency">Cryptocurrency</a></li>

<li><a href="Digital_gold_currency" title="Digital gold currency">Digital gold currency</a></li>

<li><a href="Virtual_currency" title="Virtual currency">Virtual currency</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Local_currency" title="Local currency">Local currency</a>

<ul><li><a href="Complementary_currency" title="Complementary currency">Complementary currency</a></li>

<li><a href="Sectoral_currency" title="Sectoral currency">Sectoral currency</a></li>

<li><a href="Time-based_currency" title="Time-based currency">Time-based currency</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Loyalty_programs320" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Loyalty_programs320" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Cashback_reward_program" class="mw-redirect" title="Cashback reward program">Cashback reward program</a></li>

<li><a href="Cashback_website" title="Cashback website">Cashback website</a></li>

<li><a href="Incentive_program" title="Incentive program">Incentive program</a></li>

<li><a href="Rebate_card" title="Rebate card">Rebate card</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Coalition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Aeroplan" title="Aeroplan">Aeroplan</a></li>

<li><a href="Air_Miles" title="Air Miles">Air Miles</a></li>

<li><a href="Belly_(loyalty_program)" title="Belly (loyalty program)">Belly</a></li>

<li><a href="More_Rewards" class="mw-redirect" title="More Rewards">More Rewards</a></li>

<li><a href="Plenti" title="Plenti">Plenti</a></li>

<li><a href="Scene%2B" title="Scene+">Scene+</a></li>

<li><a href="Student_Edge" title="Student Edge">Student Edge</a></li>

<li><a href="Student_Price_Card" title="Student Price Card">Student Price Card</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Chain_store" title="Chain store">Chain stores</a> / <a href="Supermarket" title="Supermarket">supermarkets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Everyday_Rewards" title="Everyday Rewards">Everyday Rewards</a></li>

<li><a href="Flybuys_(Australia)" title="Flybuys (Australia)">Flybuys (Australia)</a></li>

<li><a href="Flybuys_(New_Zealand)" title="Flybuys (New Zealand)">Flybuys (New Zealand)</a></li>

<li><a href="Hudson's_Bay_Rewards" title="Hudson's Bay Rewards">Hudson's Bay Rewards</a></li>

<li><a href="Nectar_(loyalty_card)" title="Nectar (loyalty card)">Nectar</a></li>

<li><a href="PC_Optimum" title="PC Optimum">PC Optimum</a></li>

<li><a href="Speedpass" title="Speedpass">Speedpass</a></li>

<li><a href="Tesco_Clubcard" title="Tesco Clubcard">Tesco Clubcard</a></li>

<li><a href="Triangle_Rewards" class="mw-redirect" title="Triangle Rewards">Triangle Rewards</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Frequent-flyer_program" title="Frequent-flyer program">Frequent-flyer programs</a> (<a href="List_of_frequent_flyer_programs" title="List of frequent flyer programs">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="AAdvantage" title="AAdvantage">AAdvantage</a></li>

<li><a href="Asia_Miles" title="Asia Miles">Asia Miles</a></li>

<li><a href="Aerom%C3%A9xico_Rewards" title="Aeroméxico Rewards">Aeroméxico Rewards</a></li>

<li><a href="EuroBonus" title="EuroBonus">EuroBonus</a></li>

<li><a href="Flying_Blue" class="mw-redirect" title="Flying Blue">Flying Blue</a></li>

<li><a href="KrisFlyer" title="KrisFlyer">KrisFlyer</a></li>

<li><a href="Magsformiles" title="Magsformiles">Magsformiles</a></li>

<li><a href="MileagePlus" title="MileagePlus">MileagePlus</a></li>

<li><a href="Mileage_Plan" title="Mileage Plan">Mileage Plan</a></li>

<li><a href="Miles_%26_More" title="Miles & More">Miles & More</a></li>

<li><a href="Turkish_Airlines#Frequent-flyer_programme" title="Turkish Airlines">Miles & Smiles</a></li>

<li><a href="Norwegian_Reward" title="Norwegian Reward">Norwegian Reward</a></li>

<li><a href="Qantas_Frequent_Flyer" title="Qantas Frequent Flyer">Qantas Frequent Flyer</a></li>

<li><a href="Qualiflyer" title="Qualiflyer">Qualiflyer</a></li>

<li><a href="SkyMiles" title="SkyMiles">SkyMiles</a></li>

<li><a href="TrueBlue" title="TrueBlue">JetBlue TrueBlue</a></li>

<li><a href="Velocity_Frequent_Flyer" title="Velocity Frequent Flyer">Velocity Frequent Flyer</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Hotel_loyalty_program" title="Hotel loyalty program">Hotel programs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Choice_Hotels#Loyalty_program" title="Choice Hotels">Choice Privileges</a></li>

<li><a href="Hilton_Worldwide#Hilton_Honors" title="Hilton Worldwide">Hilton Honors</a></li>

<li><a href="IHG_Hotels_%26_Resorts" title="IHG Hotels & Resorts">IHG Rewards Club</a></li>

<li><a href="Marriott_Bonvoy" class="mw-redirect" title="Marriott Bonvoy">Marriott Bonvoy</a></li>

<li><a href="Hyatt#Loyalty_program" title="Hyatt">World Of Hyatt</a></li>

<li><a href="Wyndham_Worldwide" class="mw-redirect" title="Wyndham Worldwide">Wyndham Rewards</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Online_shopping_rewards" title="Online shopping rewards">Online shopping</a> / <a href="Cashback_website" title="Cashback website">cashback</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Cashrewards" title="Cashrewards">Cashrewards</a></li>

<li><a href="Capital_One_Shopping" title="Capital One Shopping">Capital One Shopping</a></li>

<li><a href="Ibotta" title="Ibotta">Ibotta</a></li>

<li><a href="IGraal" title="IGraal">IGraal</a></li>

<li><a href="PayPal_Honey" title="PayPal Honey">PayPal Honey</a></li>

<li><a href="Rakuten_Rewards" title="Rakuten Rewards">Rakuten Rewards</a></li>

<li><a href="RetailMeNot" title="RetailMeNot">RetailMeNot</a></li>

<li><a href="ShopBack" title="ShopBack">ShopBack</a></li>

<li><a href="Swagbucks" class="mw-redirect" title="Swagbucks">Swagbucks</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Scrip" title="Scrip">Scrip</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Canadian_Tire_money" title="Canadian Tire money">Canadian Tire money</a></li>

<li><a href="Disney_Dollars" title="Disney Dollars">Disney Dollars</a></li>

<li><a href="My_Coke_Rewards" title="My Coke Rewards">My Coke Rewards</a></li>

<li><a href="Pepsi_Stuff" title="Pepsi Stuff">Pepsi Stuff</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Trading_stamp" title="Trading stamp">Trading stamps</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Blue_Chip_Stamps" title="Blue Chip Stamps">Blue Chip Stamps</a></li>

<li><a href="Green_Shield_Stamps" title="Green Shield Stamps">Green Shield Stamps</a></li>

<li><a href="S%26H_Green_Stamps" title="S&H Green Stamps">S&H Green Stamps</a></li>

<li><a href="Trading_stamps_in_Hong_Kong" title="Trading stamps in Hong Kong">Trading stamps in Hong Kong</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1426546#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata743" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1426546#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata743" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Authority control databases </div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4234501-7">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00571760">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000303709&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lux.collections.yale.edu/view/concept/7de6a755-e337-4bfc-8752-4882b74d8891">Yale LUX</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-07-18" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Loyalty_program&oldid=1301146230">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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